Food EditionCookAmericanLunchKeeping Your Edge: Knife Sharpening Basics
20 minIntermediate
American · Lunch

Keeping Your Edge: Knife Sharpening Basics

Sharpening is the act of removing metal to create a new, clean edge, while honing simply realigns the existing edge. You only need a whetstone and a steady hand to maintain a knife that slices through a ripe tomato without crushing the skin.

Total time
20 min
Hands-on
20 min
Difficulty
Intermediate
Before you start

Consistency is better than speed.

It is not about how hard you press, but keeping the angle of the blade against the stone identical with every pass.

  • Double-sided whetstone (1000/6000 grit)
  • Non-slip stone base or a damp towel
  • Small bowl of water
The key technique

Maintaining the 15-20 degree wedge

Imagine you are trying to slice a thin layer off the top of the stone. If the angle is too steep, the edge will be dull; too shallow, and you will slide over the metal without removing any.

Step by step

The method.

  1. Prep the stone

    Submerge the whetstone in water for ten minutes until the bubbles stop rising. Place it on your damp towel so it does not slide while you work.

  2. Find the angle

    Start with the coarse grit side. Place the heel of the blade against the stone at a 20-degree angle. Use two fingers to apply light pressure to the area directly above the edge you are sharpening.

  3. Create the burr

    Slide the knife across the stone in a sweeping motion from heel to tip. Repeat this until you feel a tiny, jagged wire of metal—the burr—on the opposite side of the edge. Flip the knife and repeat on the other side.

  4. Refine the edge

    Switch to the fine grit side of the stone. Perform the same sweeping motions, but with even lighter pressure, to polish the edge and remove the burr created by the coarse stone.

  5. Test the edge

    Hold a piece of paper in the air. If the blade slices through without catching or tearing, your edge is set.

Tips & troubleshooting

When it doesn't go to plan.

Tip

Keep the stone wet while working; the slurry of water and metal dust is what actually does the polishing.

Tip

Always pull the knife toward you or push away consistently; don't change your stroke direction mid-pass.

Tip

If you lose your angle, stop and reset. Muscle memory takes time to build.

Questions

The ones that keep coming up.

How often should I sharpen?

When the knife starts to resist the skin of an onion or a tomato, it is time. For home cooks, this usually means every few months.

Is a honing rod the same as a sharpener?

No. A honing rod realigns the microscopic teeth of the blade that get pushed out of place during use. Use the rod before every cooking session, but use the stone when the blade feels fundamentally dull.

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