Food EditionBakeItalianDinnerBasic Pizza Dough
24 hr 30 minIntermediateServes 4 pizzas
Italian · Dinner

Basic Pizza Dough

A reliable dough is less about following a rigid timeline and more about reading the texture. Once you learn to feel when the gluten has relaxed, you can stop fighting your pizza and start shaping it.

Total time
24 hr 30 min
Hands-on
30 min
Serves
4 pizzas
Difficulty
Intermediate
Before you start

Patience is your primary leavening agent.

The cold fermentation in the refrigerator is what gives the crust its flavor and bubbles. Don't rush the transition from the fridge to the counter, as cold dough will resist stretching.

  • large mixing bowl
  • plastic wrap or damp cloth
  • bench scraper
  • digital scale
Ingredients

What goes in.

  • 500gbread flour
  • 350gwarm water (approx 90F)
  • 10gfine sea salt
  • 3ginstant dry yeast
  • 10golive oil
The key technique

Build strength without the fatigue

Instead of aggressive kneading, lift one side of the dough, stretch it upward, and fold it over to the center. Rotate the bowl and repeat four times; this aligns the gluten strands without tearing them.

Step by step

The method.

  1. Mix the base

    Whisk the yeast into the warm water and let it sit for two minutes. Add the flour, salt, and oil, mixing by hand until no dry patches remain and a shaggy mass forms.

  2. Develop structure

    Cover the bowl and let it rest for 30 minutes. Perform the first set of stretch and folds. Repeat this process every 30 minutes for a total of three sets.

  3. Bulk ferment

    Cover the bowl tightly and move it to the refrigerator. Let it sit undisturbed for 24 hours to allow the yeast to work slowly.

  4. Divide and proof

    Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Use a bench scraper to divide it into four equal portions. Gently round each piece into a ball and place them on a tray, covered, for two hours at room temperature.

  5. Stretch

    Press your fingers into the center of a dough ball, pushing outward to create a rim. Lift it carefully and let gravity help stretch the center thin while keeping the edges slightly thicker.

Variations

Other turns to take.

Whole Wheat Blend

Replace 100g of the bread flour with finely milled whole wheat flour for a nuttier flavor profile.

Herb-Infused

Fold two tablespoons of finely chopped rosemary or thyme into the dough during the final stretch-and-fold cycle.

Tips & troubleshooting

When it doesn't go to plan.

Tip

Use a digital scale; volumetric measurements like cups are too imprecise for hydration-sensitive dough.

Tip

If the dough snaps back while stretching, cover it and walk away for 10 minutes to let the gluten relax further.

Tip

A 24-hour ferment is the minimum for optimal crust bubbles; 48 hours will result in an even more distinct tang.

Questions

The ones that keep coming up.

Why is my dough sticky?

Higher hydration doughs are inherently sticky. Use a light dusting of flour on your hands and the work surface, but avoid kneading more flour into the dough, which makes the final crust heavy.

Can I freeze this dough?

Yes, portion it into balls after the initial bulk fermentation and place them in oiled airtight containers. Thaw them in the refrigerator for 12 hours before bringing to room temperature.

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