Food Edition›Bake›American›Dessert›Baking Flaky Pie Crusts
2 hr 30 minIntermediateServes 2 crusts (for one double-crust pie)
American · Dessert

Baking Flaky Pie Crusts

A good crust should shatter when your fork hits it, not bend. The difference between a tough pastry and a light one is how little you handle the dough.

Total time
2 hr 30 min
Hands-on
20 min
Serves
2 crusts (for one double-crust pie)
Difficulty
Intermediate
Before you start

Temperature is your only enemy

If your butter gets greasy or soft, the flakes disappear. If the kitchen is warm, chill your flour and bowl before you begin.

  • pastry blender or two butter knives
  • large mixing bowl
  • rolling pin
  • plastic wrap
Ingredients

What goes in.

  • 2 1/2 cupsall-purpose flour
  • 1 tspkosher salt
  • 1 cupunsalted butter, cubed and kept very cold
  • 1/2 cupice water
The key technique

Leave the butter chunks visible

Do not overwork the butter into the flour until it is a fine powder. Stop when you see marble-sized clumps; those are your future flakes.

Step by step

The method.

  1. Mix the dry

    Whisk the flour and salt together in a chilled bowl.

  2. Cut in the fat

    Add the cold butter cubes. Use a pastry blender to cut them into the flour until the mixture looks like coarse crumbs with some larger, pea-sized chunks of butter remaining.

  3. Hydrate

    Drizzle 4 tablespoons of ice water over the mixture. Toss with a fork. Keep adding water one tablespoon at a time until the dough just barely clumps together when you squeeze a handful.

  4. Rest

    Divide the dough into two discs, wrap tightly in plastic, and refrigerate for at least two hours. Do not skip this; it lets the gluten relax.

  5. Roll

    Roll the cold dough on a lightly floured surface, moving from the center outward. If it starts to feel soft, slide it back into the fridge for ten minutes before finishing.

Variations

Other turns to take.

Lard crust

Replace half the butter with chilled lard for a more structural, crumbly texture.

Sugar crust

Add one tablespoon of granulated sugar to the flour for fruit pies that need a bit of sweetness.

Tips & troubleshooting

When it doesn't go to plan.

Tip

Always use the coldest water possible; drop an ice cube into your measuring cup before you start.

Tip

If the dough cracks while rolling, just press it back together with your fingers and keep going.

Tip

Bake at a high temperature, around 400°F (200°C), to ensure the water in the butter evaporates quickly, creating the lift needed for flakiness.

Questions

The ones that keep coming up.

Why is my crust tough instead of flaky?

You likely added too much water or worked the dough too much, which develops gluten and makes it elastic rather than tender.

Can I use a food processor?

Yes, but use the pulse button only. Stop before the butter is fully incorporated; it takes seconds to go from perfect to over-processed.

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